Canarium odontophyllum

Buah dabai-Canarium odontophyllum-Malaysia

Canarium odontophyllum is a tropical fruit tree species belonging to the family Burseraceae. It is commonly known as Dabai in Malaysia and is also referred to as Sarawak olive due to its olive-like appearance, although it is not closely related to true olives. This species is indigenous to the island of Borneo, which is politically divided among Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia. Canarium odontophyllum is highly valued for its edible fruits, which are a local delicacy and an important component of the rural economy in parts of Borneo.

Description

Canarium odontophyllum trees can reach up to 40 meters in height in the wild, with a dense canopy of large, leathery leaves. The trees are dioecious, meaning they have separate male and female plants. The fruit of Canarium odontophyllum is oval, about 3-5 cm in length, with a skin that turns from green to black as it ripens. The flesh of the fruit is yellow to orange, with a unique creamy texture and a flavor that has been described as a mix between avocado and olive, with a hint of nuttiness.

Cultivation

The cultivation of Canarium odontophyllum is primarily in rural areas of Sarawak, Malaysia, where it grows in mixed agricultural systems and home gardens. The tree thrives in humid, tropical climates and prefers well-drained, fertile soils. It is propagated through seeds, although this method results in significant genetic variability and a long juvenile phase before the trees begin to bear fruit. Grafting techniques are being researched and developed to overcome these challenges, aiming to produce trees that bear fruit more quickly and consistently.

Uses

The fruits of Canarium odontophyllum are consumed both fresh and processed. Fresh dabai fruits are typically soaked in warm water to soften them and then seasoned with salt or soy sauce. They can also be cooked in a variety of dishes. Beyond its use as food, the tree is also valued for its wood, which is used in construction and as firewood.

Nutritional Value

Dabai fruits are rich in nutrients, including fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. They are particularly noted for their high content of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and calcium. The fat content is predominantly unsaturated, which contributes to its creamy texture and makes it a healthier fat source compared to many other fruits.

Conservation and Challenges

As Canarium odontophyllum is primarily found in the wild and in traditional agroforestry systems, there are concerns about the sustainability of its harvest and the impact of land-use change on its natural habitats. Efforts are being made to promote more sustainable cultivation practices and to incorporate Canarium odontophyllum into commercial fruit production systems, which could help to alleviate pressure on wild populations.

Conclusion

Canarium odontophyllum is a unique and valuable fruit tree species with significant cultural, nutritional, and economic importance in Borneo. Its cultivation and consumption are deeply embedded in the local traditions of the region. With increasing interest in tropical fruits worldwide, there is potential for expanding the cultivation of Canarium odontophyllum beyond its traditional range, provided that sustainable practices are employed to protect this species and its habitat.