Candle power

Candle power is an obsolete unit of measurement for luminous intensity, representing the light output of a standard-sized candle made of spermaceti, a waxy substance obtained from the head of sperm whales. The term has historical significance in the development of units to measure light, but it has been largely replaced by the candela, the SI unit for luminous intensity in the modern metric system.

Definition

Candle power was originally defined as the light produced by a pure spermaceti candle weighing one sixth of a pound and burning at a rate of 120 grains per hour. This standard was used because spermaceti candles burned cleanly and were thought to produce a consistent and measurable light output. However, due to the variability in the manufacturing process and the inherent difficulties in measuring light intensity with precision in the 19th century, the definition of candle power varied.

History

The concept of candle power dates back to the 1860s when it was first used as a measure of the intensity of light sources. It was a practical unit for its time, allowing people to compare the brightness of different light sources in a somewhat standardized way. The introduction of the candle power unit was crucial for the development of early lighting technologies, including gas lighting and the incandescent light bulb.

As technology advanced, the need for a more accurate and reproducible standard of luminous intensity became apparent. This led to the development of the candela as part of the International System of Units (SI) in the 20th century. The candela is defined based on the light emitted by a monochromatic source of a specific frequency, providing a more precise and universally applicable unit of measurement.

Transition to Candela

The transition from candle power to candela was a significant milestone in the standardization of light measurements. The candela was adopted as the SI base unit of luminous intensity in 1948, marking the end of candle power as a recognized unit in scientific and engineering contexts. The candela is defined as "the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×10^12 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian."

Applications and Legacy

While candle power is no longer used in formal scientific measurements, the term occasionally appears in colloquial use, particularly in reference to the brightness of flashlights and vehicle headlights. However, these references are often informal and not based on the original standard of candle power.

The legacy of candle power remains in the continued use of the term "candle" in some languages to denote units of light intensity, and in the historical context of the development of lighting technology and measurement standards.

See Also

• Luminous intensity
• Candela
• Spermaceti
• Lighting
• International System of Units

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