Canine follicular dysplasia

Bald thigh

Seasonal alopecia

Color dilution alopecia 2

Canine Follicular Dysplasia is a hereditary condition affecting the hair follicles of dogs. This condition leads to abnormal hair growth and hair loss, often resulting in bald patches or a moth-eaten appearance of the dog's coat. The severity and pattern of hair loss can vary significantly among affected individuals and different dog breeds. Canine follicular dysplasia is not a single disease but a group of disorders with similar clinical presentations but different genetic causes.

Causes and Genetics

The exact cause of canine follicular dysplasia varies with the type and breed of the dog. It is a genetic disorder, with several forms being autosomal recessive, meaning that a dog must inherit two copies of the defective gene (one from each parent) to show symptoms. The genetic mutations responsible for the condition affect the normal development, function, and cycle of hair follicles.

Symptoms

Symptoms of canine follicular dysplasia typically begin to appear in young dogs, often before they reach one year of age. Common signs include:

• Patchy or diffuse hair loss
• Poor hair quality (brittle or easily broken)
• Changes in hair color
• Skin may appear normal or may show signs of secondary infections

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of canine follicular dysplasia is based on clinical signs, breed, and age at onset. A definitive diagnosis often requires a biopsy of the affected skin to examine the hair follicles under a microscope. Genetic testing may also be available for some breeds to identify carriers or affected individuals.

Treatment and Management

There is no cure for canine follicular dysplasia, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing secondary skin infections. Regular grooming and the use of moisturizing or medicated shampoos can help maintain skin health. In cases where secondary skin infections occur, antibiotics or antifungal medications may be necessary.

Breeds Affected

Several dog breeds are predisposed to different types of follicular dysplasia, including but not limited to:

• Labrador Retrievers
• Doberman Pinschers
• Portuguese Water Dogs
• Dachshunds

Each breed tends to have a specific pattern of inheritance and clinical presentation.

Prevention

As a genetic condition, the only known prevention is responsible breeding practices. Breeders should avoid breeding dogs that are known carriers of the genes responsible for follicular dysplasia. Genetic testing of breeding animals is recommended when available.

Conclusion

Canine follicular dysplasia is a complex group of hereditary skin disorders that affect dogs, leading to hair loss and potentially impacting the quality of life. While there is no cure, understanding the genetic basis of these disorders can help in managing symptoms and preventing the breeding of affected individuals.