Cannabis in Portugal

Graffiti in Portugal against criminalization of cannabis

Cannabis in Portugal has been decriminalized since 2001. As part of a broader drug policy reform, Portugal decriminalized the possession and consumption of all drugs, including cannabis, for personal use. The move was part of a shift towards a more health-oriented approach to drug use in the country.

Decriminalization

In July 2001, Portugal enacted Law 30/2000, which decriminalized the possession of small amounts of drugs for personal use. Under this law, possession of cannabis for personal use is not a criminal offense, provided the amount possessed does not exceed the quantity required for an average individual's 10-day consumption. The exact amount for cannabis is defined by Portuguese law, and possession within these limits leads to a referral to a Commission for the Dissuasion of Drug Addiction rather than a criminal court. These commissions are tasked with determining if and what kind of treatment or penalties are appropriate for the individual.

Cultivation and Sale

While the decriminalization law removed criminal penalties for personal use and possession of small amounts of cannabis, the cultivation, sale, and trafficking of cannabis remain illegal under Portuguese law. These activities are subject to criminal penalties, including imprisonment.

Medical Use

Portugal has also made strides in recognizing the medical value of cannabis. In 2018, the Portuguese parliament approved a bill to legalize medications derived from cannabis. This legislation allows for the prescription of cannabis-based medicines, preparations, and substances for patients with specific conditions where traditional treatments have not been effective. However, the cultivation of cannabis for personal medical use remains illegal.

Impact

The decriminalization of cannabis and other drugs in Portugal has been observed closely by other countries considering similar reforms. Studies have shown a decrease in problematic drug use, drug-related harms, and overcrowding in the criminal justice system. The Portuguese model is often cited as a successful example of how decriminalization, coupled with a strong emphasis on public health and addiction treatment, can lead to positive outcomes.

Current Status

As of now, the use of cannabis in Portugal remains decriminalized for personal use in small amounts, with a legal framework in place for the medical use of cannabis products. The country continues to enforce laws against the cultivation, sale, and trafficking of cannabis.

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