Cannibalism in Africa

Cannibalism in Africa

16th century depiction of cannibalism

Cannibalism in Africa refers to the historical and cultural practices of consuming human flesh by various groups across the African continent. This practice has been documented in various regions and periods, often associated with ritualistic, survival, or warfare contexts. While cannibalism is a taboo subject in many cultures, it has played a role in the social and spiritual lives of certain African communities.

Historical Context

Cannibalism has been reported in Africa since ancient times. Early European explorers and missionaries documented instances of cannibalism among indigenous tribes. These accounts, however, were often exaggerated or misunderstood due to cultural biases and the sensationalism of the time.

Ritualistic Cannibalism

In some African societies, cannibalism was practiced as part of religious or spiritual rituals. Consuming human flesh was believed to transfer the strength or qualities of the deceased to the living. This form of cannibalism was often associated with ancestor worship and spiritual beliefs.

Warfare and Cannibalism

War canoe of the King of Bonny, Nigeria

Cannibalism was sometimes practiced in the context of warfare. Consuming the flesh of enemies was believed to be a way to gain their power or to intimidate opponents. This practice was reported among certain warrior tribes, where it was seen as a demonstration of bravery and dominance.

Modern Instances

In more recent history, instances of cannibalism have been reported during periods of extreme famine or conflict. These cases are often driven by desperation rather than cultural tradition.

Central African Republic

During the rule of Jean-Bédel Bokassa, there were allegations of cannibalism. Bokassa, who declared himself Emperor of the Central African Empire, was accused of consuming human flesh, although these claims remain controversial and are often considered part of the political propaganda against him.

Jean-Bédel Bokassa with Nicolae Ceaușescu

Cultural Representations

Cannibalism has been depicted in various forms of African art and folklore. These representations often serve as cautionary tales or as part of the mythological narratives of a community.

Leopard Society

Leopard Society mask

The Leopard Society was a secret society in West Africa, particularly in Sierra Leone and Nigeria, known for ritualistic killings and alleged cannibalism. Members were believed to transform into leopards and consume human flesh as part of their rites.

Contemporary Views

Today, cannibalism is widely condemned and illegal across Africa. It is considered a violation of human rights and is prosecuted under criminal law. However, the historical and cultural contexts of cannibalism continue to be studied by anthropologists and historians to understand its role in African societies.

Related Pages

• Cannibalism
• Leopard Society
• Jean-Bédel Bokassa
• African traditional religion