Cannibalism in Europe

Cannibalism in Europe

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Depiction of cannibalism in 1571

Cannibalism in Europe refers to the practice of humans consuming the flesh of other humans within the European continent. This practice has been documented throughout history, from prehistoric times to the modern era, often associated with periods of extreme famine, ritualistic practices, or as a result of psychological disorders.

Prehistoric and Ancient Europe

Evidence of cannibalism in prehistoric Europe has been found in various archaeological sites. Human bones showing signs of butchery have been discovered, suggesting that early humans may have practiced cannibalism for survival or ritualistic purposes. The Neanderthals are often cited in discussions of prehistoric cannibalism, with some sites in France and Spain providing evidence of this practice.

Medieval Europe

During the Middle Ages, cannibalism was often reported during times of famine. Chroniclers of the time documented instances where starving populations resorted to eating human flesh. The Great Famine of 1315-1317, for example, led to widespread hunger and reports of cannibalism in some regions.

Early Modern Europe

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Ugolino and his sons in prison, a tale of cannibalism from Dante's Inferno

In the early modern period, cannibalism was sometimes associated with witchcraft and heresy. The infamous case of Ugolino della Gherardesca, as depicted in Dante's Inferno, tells of a nobleman who was imprisoned with his sons and allegedly resorted to cannibalism.

Medical Cannibalism

During the Renaissance and into the 18th century, a form of cannibalism known as "medical cannibalism" was practiced. Human remains, such as mummies, were used in medicinal preparations. This practice was based on the belief that consuming human flesh or blood could cure various ailments.

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Mummy traders, who supplied mummies for medicinal purposes

Modern Europe

In more recent history, cannibalism has been reported during times of war and extreme hardship. The Siege of Leningrad during World War II is one such instance where starvation led to acts of cannibalism. Additionally, isolated cases of cannibalism have been linked to criminal acts or psychological disorders.

Cultural Depictions

Cannibalism has been a recurring theme in European literature and art. From the tales of Hansel and Gretel to the works of William Shakespeare, the concept of cannibalism has been used to explore themes of survival, morality, and the human condition.

Related Pages

• Cannibalism
• Neanderthals
• Great Famine of 1315–1317
• Dante Alighieri
• Siege of Leningrad

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William Seabrook, a writer who explored cannibalism in his works

See Also

• Anthropophagy
• Ritual cannibalism
• Survival cannibalism