Cantilever chair

Breuer-FREISCHWINGER

Cantilever chair is a type of chair that employs a cantilevered design, meaning it is supported at one end and free at the other, creating a visually striking floating effect. This design principle allows for a flexible, springy seat that provides a unique sitting experience compared to traditional four-legged chairs. The cantilever chair is a notable example of modern furniture design, merging aesthetics with functionality.

History

The concept of the cantilever chair dates back to the early 20th century, marking a significant period in the Modernist movement in architecture and design. The first cantilever chair is often attributed to Dutch architect Mart Stam, who in 1926, introduced the idea at a modernist exhibition. Stam's design was revolutionary, featuring a continuous loop of steel tubing that formed both the legs and the frame of the chair. This design eliminated the need for rear support, creating the illusion of a floating seat.

Following Stam's innovation, several other designers explored the cantilever principle, including the famous Bauhaus school members like Marcel Breuer, who experimented with tubular steel to create his version of the cantilever chair, known as the Cesca Chair. This period saw a flurry of experimentation with materials, forms, and the structural possibilities of furniture.

Design and Construction

The cantilever chair's design is characterized by its L-shaped structure, where the seat and backrest are supported by a base that does not extend to the back of the chair. The most common materials used in the construction of these chairs include steel, chrome, wood, and plastic. The choice of material often influences the chair's flexibility and comfort.

Modern cantilever chairs may incorporate various materials for the seat and backrest, including leather, fabric, and mesh. The design's simplicity and elegance have made it a popular choice for office furniture, dining chairs, and other interior settings.

Significant Models

Several models of the cantilever chair have become iconic in the world of design:

• The S 33 and S 34 chairs by Mart Stam, which were among the first to showcase the cantilever design.
• The B32/Cesca Chair by Marcel Breuer, which combines cantilevered steel tubing with woven cane seating and backrest.
• The MR Chair by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, which simplifies the form to pure lines and planes.

Impact on Design

The cantilever chair not only represented a breakthrough in furniture design but also embodied the modernist ethos of form following function. It challenged traditional notions of structure and aesthetics, influencing a wide range of design disciplines beyond furniture. The cantilever principle has been applied to various architectural and engineering projects, showcasing the versatility and enduring appeal of the concept.

See Also

• Modernist movement
• Furniture design
• Mart Stam
• Marcel Breuer
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe