Capra hircus

Capra hircus, commonly known as the domestic goat, is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the animal family Bovidae and the subfamily Caprinae, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat.

History

Goats have been used for milk, meat, fur, and skins across much of the world. In the 20th century they also gained in popularity as pets. The domestication of goats is believed to have been completed around 8000 to 9000 years ago. This process was mainly completed by cultures in the Middle East, which is considered the natural habitat of these animals.

Characteristics

Goats are among the earliest animals domesticated by humans. They have a lifespan of 9 to 12 years. Goats are small livestock animals, generally with a hair coat that can be white, black, brown or a mix. They are ruminants, which means they have a four-chambered stomach. Goats are known for their ability to climb and balance in precarious places. This makes them the only ruminant to regularly climb trees.

Breeds

There are over 300 breeds of domestic goats, with the Nubian goat, the Alpine goat, and the Saanen goat being among the most common. Breeds are developed for different purposes, including for milk, meat, fiber, and for their ability to thrive in specific climates.

Uses

Goats are versatile animals, used in a variety of ways by humans. They can be used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins. Goat milk is often consumed by humans, and is also used to produce other products like cheese, butter, and soap. Goat meat, also known as chevon, is eaten in many parts of the world. Goat hair is used in the production of a variety of goods, including clothing and rugs. Goat skins are also used to make products like gloves, boots, and drums.

Health

Like all animals, goats can suffer from a variety of diseases, including scrapie, Q fever, and mastitis. Regular health checks and vaccinations can help to prevent these diseases.