Carotid sinus syncope

Carotid sinus syncope is a type of syncope (fainting) that is associated with carotid sinus hypersensitivity. It is a condition characterized by an overreaction of the body's reflexes, leading to a sudden decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. This can result in a temporary loss of consciousness and a fall.

Etiology

The exact cause of carotid sinus syncope is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be related to an overactive carotid sinus reflex. This reflex helps regulate blood pressure by slowing the heart rate and dilating the blood vessels when blood pressure is too high. In people with carotid sinus syncope, this reflex is overly sensitive, causing an exaggerated response to stimuli such as turning the head or wearing a tight collar.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of carotid sinus syncope is fainting or near-fainting. This can occur suddenly, often without any warning signs. Other symptoms may include dizziness, lightheadedness, and falls. In some cases, seizures may also occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of carotid sinus syncope typically involves a carotid sinus massage, a test in which the doctor gently massages the carotid sinus in the neck. If this causes a drop in heart rate or blood pressure and reproduces the patient's symptoms, the test is considered positive.

Treatment

Treatment for carotid sinus syncope primarily involves avoiding triggers and managing symptoms. In some cases, medications may be used to regulate heart rate and blood pressure. In severe cases, a pacemaker may be implanted to regulate the heart's rhythm.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment and management, the prognosis for carotid sinus syncope is generally good. However, it can significantly impact a person's quality of life, particularly if it leads to frequent falls or injuries.

See also

• Syncope
• Carotid sinus massage
• Pacemaker