Carpal ligaments

Carpal Ligaments are a complex network of ligaments located in the wrist that connect the carpal bones to each other and to the metacarpal bones and forearm bones. These ligaments are crucial for the stability and function of the wrist joint, allowing for a wide range of motion while also preventing excessive movements that could lead to injury.

Anatomy

The carpal ligaments can be divided into two main groups: the intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments.

Intrinsic Ligaments

The intrinsic ligaments are located entirely within the wrist and include:

• The Scapholunate Ligament: Connects the scaphoid and lunate bones.
• The Lunotriquetral Ligament: Connects the lunate and triquetral bones.
• The Triquetral-Hamate Ligament: Connects the triquetral and hamate bones.
• The Capitate Ligament: Often considered part of the intrinsic system, connecting several carpal bones to the capitate bone.

Extrinsic Ligaments

The extrinsic ligaments originate or insert outside the carpal bones:

• The Radiocarpal Ligament: Connects the radius to the carpal bones.
• The Ulnocarpal Ligament: Connects the ulna to the carpal bones.
• The Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament: Supports the palm side of the wrist.
• The Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament: Supports the back side of the wrist.

Function

The primary function of the carpal ligaments is to stabilize the wrist joint, allowing for controlled movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. They also help to distribute forces across the wrist during activities, minimizing the risk of injury.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the carpal ligaments, such as sprains or tears, are common and can result from acute trauma or chronic overuse. Conditions such as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Scapholunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC) can also affect the integrity and function of these ligaments, leading to pain, instability, and decreased wrist function.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of carpal ligament injuries typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scan. Treatment may include rest, immobilization, physical therapy, or surgery, depending on the severity of the injury and the specific ligaments involved.