Cart

Horse & cart, Town, Beamish Museum, 21 November 2013 (cropped)

Dockworkers in Cap-Haitien

Greek chariot

Egyptian Chariot (colour)

Eastern Han Bronze Cavalry and Chariots2

Cart is a term that refers to a vehicle designed for transport, using two wheels and normally pulled by one or a pair of draught animals. Carts are used primarily for the transportation of goods and materials but have also been used for the conveyance of people in certain contexts. The use of carts dates back to ancient civilizations and has played a crucial role in the development of commerce, agriculture, and industry through the ages.

History

The invention of the cart is attributed to the early Neolithic period, where evidence suggests that wheeled vehicles first appeared in the regions of Mesopotamia and the Northern Caucasus. Initially, carts were simple constructions designed to be pulled by humans. However, with the domestication of animals such as horses, oxen, and donkeys, carts evolved to be animal-drawn, significantly increasing their capacity and efficiency.

Throughout history, carts have been adapted for various uses, from the chariots used in ancient warfare and sport to the heavy-duty carts employed in mining and construction in the industrial era. The design and construction of carts have varied widely depending on their intended use, the technology available, and the geographical region.

Types of Carts

There are several types of carts, each designed for specific purposes. Some of the most common include:

• Handcart: A cart that is pushed or pulled by hand, used for the transportation of goods in markets, warehouses, and construction sites.
• Horse-drawn cart: A cart pulled by one or more horses, used historically for transportation of people and goods over longer distances.
• Ox-cart: Similar to the horse-drawn cart but pulled by oxen, often used in agricultural settings for the transport of heavy loads.
• Golf cart: A small vehicle designed to carry golfers and their equipment around a golf course or on desert trails.

Construction and Design

The basic components of a cart include the chassis or frame, wheels, and the draft system. The materials used in cart construction have evolved from wood and metal to include modern materials like plastic and composite fibers, depending on the cart's intended use.

Wheels are a critical feature of any cart, with designs ranging from solid wooden or metal wheels to pneumatic and solid rubber tires for smoother transportation over uneven surfaces.

The draft system typically consists of a yoke or harness for animal-drawn carts, while handcarts may have handles or a bar for pushing or pulling.

Cultural Significance

Carts have not only been utilitarian vehicles but have also held cultural significance in many societies. They have been featured in religious ceremonies, festivals, and parades, often elaborately decorated to represent cultural themes or historical events.

Modern Use

With the advent of motorized vehicles, the use of carts has declined in many parts of the world. However, they remain essential in areas where motorized vehicles are impractical or too costly. Additionally, carts are still used in modern contexts such as airports for luggage transport, in large retail and warehouse settings, and in gardening and landscaping projects.

Environmental Impact

Carts, especially those that are human or animal-powered, have a minimal environmental footprint compared to motorized vehicles. They do not emit greenhouse gases and can be an eco-friendly alternative for short-distance transportation of goods.

Conclusion

Carts have played a pivotal role in the development of human civilization by facilitating the transport of goods and people. Despite the rise of modern transportation methods, carts continue to be relevant in various sectors due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and low environmental impact.