Carthage

Carthage

File:Karthago, Phönizische Großstadt (CC BY-SA 4.0).webm

Carthage National Museum representation of city

Carthage archaeological sites map-fr

Maison punique byrsa

Carthage was an ancient Phoenician city-state located in what is now Tunisia. Founded in the 9th century BC, Carthage became a major power in the ancient world, establishing a powerful empire that dominated trade in the Western Mediterranean until its defeat by Rome in the Punic Wars. The city's history is marked by its rivalry with Rome, which ultimately led to its destruction in 146 BC. However, Carthage was later rebuilt by the Romans and continued to be an important city in the Roman Empire.

History

Carthage was founded by Phoenician settlers from the city of Tyre in the 9th century BC. Its location in present-day Tunisia allowed it to grow into a thriving seaport, and it soon established itself as a major center of trade and commerce. The city's wealth and power grew, and it began to establish colonies and trading posts around the Mediterranean.

Punic Wars

The expansion of Carthage eventually brought it into conflict with Rome, leading to the Punic Wars (264-146 BC). These wars were a series of three conflicts between Rome and Carthage, with the most famous being the Second Punic War, during which the Carthaginian general Hannibal famously crossed the Alps to invade Italy. Despite initial successes, Carthage was ultimately defeated in the wars. The final conflict, the Third Punic War, ended with the complete destruction of Carthage in 146 BC.

Culture

Carthage was known for its impressive achievements in engineering, architecture, and agriculture. The city was famous for its harbors, defensive walls, and the Cothon, a type of artificial harbor. Carthaginians were also renowned for their shipbuilding skills and their development of advanced naval warfare tactics.

Religion

The religion of Carthage was based on the Phoenician pantheon, with a particular emphasis on the worship of Baal Hammon and Tanit. Sacrifices, including, according to some ancient sources, child sacrifices, were a significant part of their religious practices.

Economy

Carthage's economy was primarily based on trade. The city traded goods such as textiles, metals, and foodstuffs across the Mediterranean. It was particularly famous for the production of purple dye, which was highly valued in the ancient world. Carthage's strategic location and its control over trade routes allowed it to become one of the wealthiest cities of the ancient world.

Legacy

The legacy of Carthage is complex. Its long conflict with Rome has often overshadowed its contributions to civilization. However, archaeological excavations have revealed a city of great cultural and economic significance. The story of Carthage, from its founding to its destruction and rebirth under the Romans, remains a testament to the city's resilience and its significant role in ancient history.