Carthamin

Carthamin

Carthamin proposed biosynthesis

Carthamin is a natural red pigment derived from the Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). It is also known by the names safflower red, safflower carmine, and natural red 26. Carthamin is used as a dye and colorant in various applications, including cosmetics, textiles, and as a food coloring. The pigment is historically significant, having been used in ancient textiles and artwork. Its use dates back to the Egyptian times, and it has been found in the tomb of the pharaoh Tutankhamun.

History

Carthamin was traditionally used in Asia and Egypt for dyeing textiles and in cosmetics. The process of extracting carthamin from safflower petals is labor-intensive, which historically made it a valuable and sought-after pigment. In Japan, it was used for the red lips in their traditional Kabuki theatre and by Geisha for makeup. The pigment's popularity declined with the advent of synthetic dyes, which were cheaper and more stable.

Chemical Properties

Carthamin is a water-soluble pigment and is classified as a chalcone. Its chemical structure allows it to bind to fibers, making it useful as a dye. However, its sensitivity to pH and light can cause fading over time, which is a limitation for its use in some applications.

Extraction and Production

The extraction of carthamin from safflower petals involves soaking the petals in water to leach out the colorant. The process is time-consuming and requires a significant amount of raw material for a small yield of pigment. After extraction, the pigment is purified and dried for use.

Applications

Textiles

In the textile industry, carthamin is used to dye natural fibers such as cotton, silk, and wool. Its application in textiles is limited due to its sensitivity to light and washing, which can lead to fading.

Food Coloring

Carthamin is used as a natural food coloring, providing a red to orange hue in products. It is considered safe for consumption and is used in a variety of food products, including beverages, candies, and spices.

Cosmetics

In cosmetics, carthamin is used for its red pigment, particularly in lipsticks and blushes. Its natural origin makes it a preferred choice for organic and natural cosmetic lines.

Safety and Regulations

As a natural colorant, carthamin is subject to regulation by food and drug authorities in various countries. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used within the limits of regulatory standards.

Conclusion

Carthamin remains an important natural pigment with a rich history of use in textiles, food, and cosmetics. Despite the challenges associated with its production and stability, its natural origin and vibrant hue continue to make it a valuable colorant in various industries.

Carthamin Resources
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