Costal cartilage

Costal cartilage is an important part of the human anatomy, specifically the skeletal system. It refers to the cartilages that connect the sternum or breastbone to the ends of the ribs.

Function

The primary function of the costal cartilage is to contribute to the elasticity and flexibility of the thoracic cage. This allows the thoracic cage to expand and contract during respiration, facilitating the process of breathing.

Structure

The costal cartilages are made up of hyaline cartilage, a type of connective tissue. They are located at the anterior ends of the ribs, connecting them to the sternum. The first seven pairs of ribs are connected directly to the sternum through their costal cartilage. These are known as the true ribs. The remaining five pairs of ribs do not connect directly to the sternum. The 8th, 9th, and 10th pairs of ribs connect to the sternum through the costal cartilage of the rib above them. These are known as the false ribs. The last two pairs of ribs, known as the floating ribs, do not have a connection to the sternum.

Clinical significance

Injuries or diseases affecting the costal cartilage can lead to various medical conditions. Costochondritis is an inflammation of the costal cartilage that can cause chest pain. Tietze syndrome is a similar condition, but it also involves swelling of the costal cartilage. Both conditions can be caused by physical trauma, viral infections, or certain types of arthritis.

Costal cartilage fracture is a rare but serious injury that can occur due to severe trauma to the chest. This can cause severe pain and difficulty breathing. Treatment typically involves pain management and rest, but in severe cases, surgery may be required.

See also

• Rib cage
• Sternum
• Hyaline cartilage
• Costochondritis
• Tietze syndrome

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