Ribs

Ribs are a set of long, curved bones which form the rib cage in the human body. They protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax. In humans, the rib cage, also known as the thoracic cage, is a bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic cavity and supports the shoulder girdle to form the core part of the human skeleton. A typical human rib cage consists of 24 ribs, the sternum, costal cartilages, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae. It, along with the skin, helps to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury.

Anatomy

The human rib cage is a component of the human respiratory system. It involves the vertebral column, sternum, and ribs. The ribs are attached to the sternum through the costal cartilages and the vertebral column through the costovertebral joints. The rib cage is separated from the lower abdomen by the thoracic diaphragm which controls breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity is expanded, reducing intra-thoracic pressure and drawing air into the lungs.

Function

The rib cage has a major function in the respiratory system. The rib cage allows for the expansion of the lungs and the bending and twisting of the torso, which is crucial for our ability to breathe. The ribs have a certain degree of elasticity provided by the costal cartilages, allowing the rib cage to expand and contract with the lungs during breathing.

Clinical significance

Injuries to the rib cage are common and can cause severe pain and damage to the lungs. Rib fractures are among the most common injuries to the rib cage. These can occur as a result of trauma, such as a car accident or fall, or from pathological reasons, such as osteoporosis or cancer. Rib fractures can lead to life-threatening conditions such as a pneumothorax, hemothorax, or flail chest.

See also

• Thoracic cavity
• Sternum
• Vertebral column
• Respiratory system

References

Ribs Resources
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