Intercostal space

Intercostal space refers to the space located between two adjacent ribs. The term "intercostal" is derived from the Latin words "inter" (between) and "costa" (rib). Each intercostal space is numbered from top to bottom 1-11, with the first intercostal space (ICS) being located between the first and second ribs.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The intercostal space is filled with intercostal muscles, intercostal nerves, and intercostal vessels (arteries and veins). These structures play a crucial role in the mechanics of respiration and the sensation of the thoracic wall.

Intercostal Muscles[edit | edit source]

There are three layers of intercostal muscles: the external intercostal muscles, the internal intercostal muscles, and the innermost intercostal muscles. These muscles assist in the process of respiration by altering the dimensions of the thoracic cavity.

Intercostal Nerves[edit | edit source]

The intercostal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system, originating from the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves. They provide sensory innervation to the skin and muscles of the thoracic and abdominal walls.

Intercostal Vessels[edit | edit source]

The intercostal vessels include the intercostal arteries and veins. These vessels supply blood to and drain blood from the intercostal muscles and overlying skin.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

The intercostal space is of clinical importance in procedures such as thoracentesis and chest tube insertion, which are performed to drain fluid or air from the pleural space. Knowledge of the anatomy of the intercostal space is crucial to avoid injury to the intercostal vessels and nerves during these procedures.