Breast
The breast is an organ on the lower chest region of humans and other primates. Humans have two breasts. Both boys and girls have breasts at birth, but during puberty, the breasts on women become larger and visible. The breasts have mammary glands that produce milk. Breastfeeding is letting an infant drink breast milk.
Male breast[edit | edit source]
Men also have breasts. They are built the same way as those of women but are much smaller and underdeveloped. Men cannot use their breast for breastfeeding. Their breasts will usually not produce milk, but might become larger and produce milk during some diseases or with some hormonal medical treatments.[1]
Growth and form[edit | edit source]
Girls develop breasts during puberty due to sex hormones, mainly estrogen.
The appearance and size of the breasts of a woman may vary due to genetic factors, and the amount of fatty and connective tissue.[2] Hormones also play a role.[3]
Estrogen promotes the growth of mammary glands and ducts, while progesterone induces milk-producing cells to develop. Prolactin and oxytocin stimulate milk production. Oxytocin also causes milk to be spurted from a lactating breast.[4]
The two breasts usually are not equal in size — one may be larger than the other, but this is common.[5]
During menopause, as levels of estrogen decrease, tissue in the breasts reduce as well, and the breasts may start sagging.[3] A study showed that breastfeeding does not cause sagging. Factors that do influence sagging are the size of the breast (before the first pregnancy), number of pregnancies, body mass index, smoking, and age.[6]
Structure[edit | edit source]
The center of the breast is the nipple. The areola is a circular area around the nipple. The breast contains mammary glands. Each breast has 15 to 20 milk ducts.[7] Ducts carry the milk produced by these glands to the nipples. After a woman has a baby, her breasts undergo lactation — the production of natural milk.
Feeding babies milk is called breastfeeding or nursing.[8]
Purposes[edit | edit source]
The breasts of a woman also play a role in human sexual behaviour. They are one of the most visible or obvious female secondary sex characteristics.[9] They play an important role in sexual attraction of partners. They can also give pleasure to the individual. When sexually stimulated, the size of the breasts increases, venous patterns across the breasts become more visible, and nipples grow harder. During sexual intercourse, it is common practice to press or massage breasts with hands. Breasts are sensitive to touch as they have many nerve endings.[10] Oral stimulation of nipples and breasts is also common. Some women can achieve "breast orgasms". In the ancient Indian work the Kama Sutra, marking breasts with nails and biting with teeth are explained as erotic.[11]
Related pages[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Introduction to the Human Body, fifth ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, 2001. 560.
- ↑ "Size and Shape". afraidtoask.com. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Normal Breast Development". The Ohio State University Medical Center. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ↑ Perez, Jane. "Breast Anatomy & Physiology — Lactation". Herballove.com. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ↑ Jelovsek, Frederick R. "Breast Asymmetry - When Does It Need Treatment?". wdxcyber.com. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ↑ "Breastfeeding Does Not Create Sagging Breasts; Study Throws Out Old Wives' Tale". Archived from the original on 30 July 2010.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 3 May 2008 suggested (help) - ↑ "Sajadi-Ernazarova KR, Adigun R. Breast, Nipple Discharge". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 16 October 2017; This work is distributed with https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (CC BY 4.0)
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); External link in|postscript= - ↑ "Breast Anatomy". Healthcommunities.com. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ↑ secondary sex characteristics
- ↑ "The entire breast is a network of nerve endings" link
- ↑ Sir Richard Burton's English translation of Kama Sutra
External links[edit | edit source]
- "Are Women Evolutionary Sex Objects?: Why Women Have Breasts". Archived from the original on 2 December 2011.
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