Plant reproductive morphology

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Plant Reproductive Morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly involved in sexual reproduction.

Overview[edit | edit source]

Plant reproductive morphology is concerned with the sexual reproduction of plants. Sexual reproduction is the biological process by which new offspring are produced from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms. In plants, this involves the production and dispersal of spores or seeds.

Flower Structure[edit | edit source]

The most common form of plant reproduction in angiosperms (flowering plants) is through the use of flowers. Flowers are complex structures that include stamen (male, pollen-producing part), carpel (female, ovule-producing part), petals, and sepals.

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A diagram of a typical flower. (1) Sepal, (2) Petal, (3) Stamen, (4) Carpel

Pollination[edit | edit source]

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind. Pollinating agents are animals such as insects, birds, and bats; water; wind; and even plants themselves, when self-pollination occurs within a closed flower.

Fertilization and Seed Formation[edit | edit source]

After pollination, the pollen grain grows a pollen tube that extends down into the ovary, where it delivers sperm cells to fertilize the ovule. This results in a seed, which encloses an embryo and a food supply surrounded by a protective coat.

Fruit Formation[edit | edit source]

Following fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit containing seeds. Not all plants produce fruits that are considered culinary fruits. For example, in botanical terms, a nut is a type of fruit.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD