Breast cyst

Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs within the breast tissue, a common condition among women. They can vary in size and may feel like lumps or bumps under the skin. While breast cysts are generally benign (non-cancerous), they can cause discomfort or concern due to their presence or any associated symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of breast cysts is not fully understood, but they are closely linked to hormonal fluctuations in the body. Factors that may increase the risk of developing breast cysts include:

• Age, particularly during the 30-50 year age range, as hormonal changes are more pronounced.
• Hormone therapy, especially during menopause, can contribute to the formation of cysts.
• High caffeine or high-fat diet, although the evidence is inconclusive, some studies suggest a correlation.
• History of breast cysts or other benign breast conditions.

Symptoms

Breast cysts can be asymptomatic, but when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• A smooth, easily movable lump with distinct edges (indicating a fluid-filled structure rather than a solid one).
• Breast pain or tenderness in the area of the cyst.
• Increase in lump size and tenderness just before the menstrual period.
• Decrease in lump size and resolution of other symptoms after the menstrual period.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of breast cysts typically involves:

• Clinical breast exam conducted by a healthcare professional.
• Imaging tests such as mammography or ultrasound to differentiate cysts from solid masses.
• Fine-needle aspiration may be used to confirm the cystic nature of the mass by withdrawing fluid from it.

Treatment

Treatment for breast cysts may vary depending on the symptoms and patient concerns. Options include:

• Simple observation over time to monitor changes in size or feel.
• Aspiration to remove the cyst's fluid for relief of symptoms or for diagnostic purposes.
• Hormone therapy to manage symptoms, although this is less common.

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent breast cysts due to their association with hormonal levels. However, managing risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce their occurrence. Regular breast self-exams and routine clinical exams are crucial for early detection and management.

See Also

• Fibrocystic breast changes
• Breast cancer
• Mammography
• Ultrasound