Breast cyst

An overview of breast cysts, their diagnosis, and management

Breast Cyst

A breast cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the breast tissue. They are common in women and can vary in size. Breast cysts are typically benign and are often found in women in their 30s and 40s.

Pathophysiology

Breast cysts develop as a result of hormonal changes in the body. They are part of a condition known as fibrocystic breast changes, which is characterized by lumpy, painful breasts. The cysts form when fluid accumulates in the breast lobules, leading to the formation of a palpable mass.

Symptoms

Breast cysts can be asymptomatic or cause symptoms such as:

• A palpable lump in the breast
• Breast tenderness or pain
• Fluctuation in size with the menstrual cycle

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a breast cyst typically involves:

Clinical Examination

A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to assess the characteristics of the lump.

Imaging

Mammography and ultrasound are commonly used imaging techniques to evaluate breast cysts. Ultrasound is particularly useful in distinguishing cysts from solid masses.

Needle Aspiration

Needle biopsy of a breast cyst

Needle aspiration can be performed to confirm the diagnosis. During this procedure, a thin needle is inserted into the cyst to withdraw fluid. If the fluid is clear and the lump disappears, the diagnosis of a simple cyst is confirmed.

Management

Most breast cysts do not require treatment unless they are large or painful. Management options include:

Observation

Simple cysts that are asymptomatic can be monitored with regular follow-up.

Aspiration

If a cyst is painful or causes discomfort, needle aspiration can be performed to relieve symptoms.

Surgical Intervention

Surgery is rarely needed but may be considered if a cyst recurs frequently or has suspicious features.

Prognosis

Breast cysts are generally benign and do not increase the risk of breast cancer. However, regular monitoring is recommended to ensure no changes occur.

Related pages

• Breast cancer
• Fibrocystic breast changes
• Mammography
• Ultrasound