Galactorrhea
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Galactorrhea refers to the unexpected production of breast milk in individuals who are neither pregnant nor have recently given birth. It is not a disease in itself, but rather a symptom of an underlying condition.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Galactorrhea can be caused by a range of factors and conditions:
- Hormonal imbalances: An overproduction of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production, can result in galactorrhea.
- Medications: Some drugs, such as certain antipsychotics, high blood pressure medications, or hormonal therapies, can induce galactorrhea as a side effect.
- Pituitary gland tumors: Noncancerous tumors of the pituitary gland, known as prolactinomas, can cause an excess production of prolactin.
- Hypothyroidism: Underactivity of the thyroid gland can lead to an increased prolactin level.
- Chest injuries or surgeries.
- Herbal supplements: Supplements such as fenugreek or fennel might lead to breast milk production.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
While the primary symptom of galactorrhea is the production of breast milk, other symptoms may accompany the condition:
- Irregular menstrual periods or absence of periods.
- Unintended weight gain or loss.
- Reduced libido or impotence.
- Visual disturbances.
- Acne or excessive facial hair growth.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
A comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and certain tests can help diagnose the cause of galactorrhea:
- Blood tests: To measure hormone levels, especially prolactin.
- Mammography or ultrasound: To visualize breast tissue.
- MRI: If a pituitary tumor is suspected.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for galactorrhea largely depends on its cause:
- Adjusting medications: If a particular drug is suspected, an alternative might be recommended.
- Hormone therapies: For hormone imbalances.
- Surgery or medication: To treat pituitary tumors.
Complications[edit | edit source]
While galactorrhea itself isn't necessarily harmful, the underlying cause may lead to complications if left untreated.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Avoiding drugs and herbal supplements that can induce galactorrhea may prevent its occurrence. Regular medical check-ups can also help identify potential hormonal imbalances early on.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Galactorrhea Resources | |
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD