Galactorrhea

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Galactorrhea refers to the unexpected production of breast milk in individuals who are neither pregnant nor have recently given birth. It is not a disease in itself, but rather a symptom of an underlying condition.

Galactorrhea seen in a non-pregnant individual.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Galactorrhea can be caused by a range of factors and conditions:

  • Hormonal imbalances: An overproduction of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production, can result in galactorrhea.
  • Medications: Some drugs, such as certain antipsychotics, high blood pressure medications, or hormonal therapies, can induce galactorrhea as a side effect.
  • Pituitary gland tumors: Noncancerous tumors of the pituitary gland, known as prolactinomas, can cause an excess production of prolactin.
  • Hypothyroidism: Underactivity of the thyroid gland can lead to an increased prolactin level.
  • Chest injuries or surgeries.
  • Herbal supplements: Supplements such as fenugreek or fennel might lead to breast milk production.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

While the primary symptom of galactorrhea is the production of breast milk, other symptoms may accompany the condition:

  • Irregular menstrual periods or absence of periods.
  • Unintended weight gain or loss.
  • Reduced libido or impotence.
  • Visual disturbances.
  • Acne or excessive facial hair growth.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

A comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and certain tests can help diagnose the cause of galactorrhea:

  • Blood tests: To measure hormone levels, especially prolactin.
  • Mammography or ultrasound: To visualize breast tissue.
  • MRI: If a pituitary tumor is suspected.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for galactorrhea largely depends on its cause:

  • Adjusting medications: If a particular drug is suspected, an alternative might be recommended.
  • Hormone therapies: For hormone imbalances.
  • Surgery or medication: To treat pituitary tumors.

Complications[edit | edit source]

While galactorrhea itself isn't necessarily harmful, the underlying cause may lead to complications if left untreated.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Avoiding drugs and herbal supplements that can induce galactorrhea may prevent its occurrence. Regular medical check-ups can also help identify potential hormonal imbalances early on.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]


Galactorrhea Resources
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD