Duct ectasia

Duct ectasia of the breast, also known as mammary duct ectasia, is a benign (non-cancerous) condition characterized by the dilation and thickening of the walls of the mammary ducts in the breast. This condition is most commonly observed in women approaching menopause, but it can occur at any age, including in men.

Symptoms

The symptoms of duct ectasia can vary from none at all to noticeable changes in the breast. Common symptoms include:

• Nipple discharge, which may be green, black, or a thick, sticky texture
• Tenderness or redness around the nipple area
• A palpable lump near the areola
• In some cases, nipple inversion or irritation

Causes

The exact cause of duct ectasia is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to natural aging and changes in the breast tissue. As a woman ages, her breast tissue naturally becomes less glandular and more fatty, which can lead to the ducts widening and thickening. Smoking has also been identified as a potential risk factor due to its effect on the blood vessels and connective tissue in the breast.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of duct ectasia typically involves a clinical examination by a healthcare professional. Additional diagnostic tools may include:

• Mammography or ultrasound to visualize the structure of the breast ducts
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast in certain cases
• Fine needle aspiration or biopsy to examine the fluid or tissue from the affected duct

Treatment

Treatment for duct ectasia is not always necessary, especially if the condition is asymptomatic. When treatment is required, options may include:

• Antibiotics to treat any associated infection
• Analgesics to manage pain
• Surgical removal of the affected duct in severe cases where symptoms persist

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with duct ectasia is generally excellent. While the condition can cause discomfort, it is benign and does not increase the risk of breast cancer. However, any new or worsening symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out other conditions.

See also

• Breast cancer
• Mammary gland
• Menopause