Child sexual abuse

NIH child sex abuse disorders graph

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent abuses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of CSA include asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities (regardless of the outcome), indecent exposure of the genitals to a child, displaying pornography to a child, actual sexual contact against a child, physical contact with the child's genitals, viewing of the child's genitalia without physical contact, or using a child to produce child pornography.

Causes and Risk Factors

The causes of child sexual abuse are complex and multifaceted. Risk factors may include environmental, familial, and individual factors such as a history of child abuse in the abuser's past, substance abuse, a lack of empathy, and psychological issues. Additionally, societal norms and values that support violence, family structures that isolate children, and communities that are highly tolerant of violence against children can contribute to the risk.

Effects

The effects of child sexual abuse can be profound and long-lasting. Victims may experience psychological, social, and physical effects. Psychologically, victims may suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, as well as develop harmful behaviors such as substance abuse and self-harm. Socially, they may struggle with relationships and trust issues. Physically, they may experience sexual and reproductive health problems.

Prevention and Reporting

Prevention of child sexual abuse involves educating children, parents, and community members about the signs of abuse and how to report it. It also includes implementing policies and practices in schools, religious institutions, and other organizations that minimize opportunities for abuse to occur. Reporting suspected abuse is critical to stopping it and protecting children. In many jurisdictions, professionals who work with children are mandated reporters who are legally required to report any suspicion of child abuse.

Legal Framework

The legal framework surrounding child sexual abuse varies by country but generally includes laws against sexual contact with minors and the production, distribution, and possession of child pornography. Convicted offenders may face significant legal penalties, including imprisonment and mandatory registration as a sex offender.

Treatment and Support

Treatment for victims of child sexual abuse may include therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to help them cope with the trauma and its effects. Support from family, friends, and support groups can also play a crucial role in the healing process.

See Also

• Child abuse
• Sexual abuse
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy