Uterine epithelium

Uterine epithelium is the innermost lining of the uterus, a major part of the female reproductive system. It plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy.

Structure

The uterine epithelium is a single layer of columnar cells that line the inner surface of the uterus. It is part of the endometrium, which also includes the underlying stroma and the basal layer. The epithelium is highly dynamic and undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle.

Function

The primary function of the uterine epithelium is to prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum. It does this by undergoing changes in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. During the menstrual cycle, the epithelium proliferates and differentiates under the influence of these hormones, preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy.

If pregnancy does not occur, the upper layers of the endometrium, including the epithelium, are shed during menstruation. If pregnancy does occur, the epithelium participates in the formation of the decidua, which provides nutrition for the developing embryo.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities of the uterine epithelium can lead to a variety of conditions. For example, endometriosis is a condition in which cells similar to those in the uterine epithelium grow outside the uterus. Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition characterized by excessive growth of the uterine epithelium, which can lead to endometrial cancer.

See also

• Endometrium
• Menstrual cycle
• Uterus

References

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