Spiral artery

Spiral Artery

File:Spiral artery.jpg

A diagram of the spiral artery in the uterus.

The spiral artery is a type of artery that is found in the uterus of mammals, including humans. It is named for its spiral shape and is a crucial component of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Structure

The spiral arteries are small, coiled arteries that originate from the uterine artery. They penetrate the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, and extend into the myometrium, the middle layer of the uterine wall.

Function

The primary function of the spiral arteries is to supply blood to the endometrium. During the menstrual cycle, the spiral arteries constrict and dilate to control the blood flow to the endometrium. This process is regulated by hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

During pregnancy, the spiral arteries undergo significant changes to support the growing fetus. They become wider and less coiled, allowing for increased blood flow to the placenta. This process, known as spiral artery remodeling, is critical for a healthy pregnancy.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the spiral arteries can lead to various pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and miscarriage. Therefore, understanding the structure and function of the spiral arteries is crucial in obstetrics and gynecology.

See also

• Uterine artery
• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Pregnancy

References

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