Intercostal artery

Intercostal artery is a term used in anatomy to refer to a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs (the intercostal space). These arteries are branches of the aorta, the main artery in the body. There are typically eleven intercostal arteries on each side of the body, each serving the area between two adjacent ribs.

Anatomy

The intercostal arteries are divided into three groups: the supreme intercostal artery, the posterior intercostal arteries, and the anterior intercostal arteries.

Supreme Intercostal Artery

The supreme intercostal artery is the first branch of the thoracic aorta. It typically gives rise to the first two posterior intercostal arteries.

Posterior Intercostal Arteries

The posterior intercostal arteries are typically nine in number on each side. They arise from the thoracic aorta and run in the intercostal spaces along the lower border of the corresponding rib.

Anterior Intercostal Arteries

The anterior intercostal arteries are typically nine in number on each side. They arise from the internal thoracic artery and its continuation, the musculophrenic artery.

Function

The intercostal arteries supply blood to the intercostal muscles, the muscles between the ribs that help form and move the chest wall. They also supply blood to the spinal cord and the vertebral column, the breast, and the skin and subcutaneous tissues in the chest area.

Clinical Significance

Damage to the intercostal arteries can result in significant bleeding, as these arteries are relatively large and have a high blood flow. This can occur as a result of trauma, such as a stab wound or a rib fracture, or during surgery on the chest wall or spine.

Intercostal artery Resources
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