Caruncula

Anatomical structure in the human body

Caruncula

Latin	Caruncula

The term caruncula refers to a small, fleshy protuberance that can be found in various parts of the human body. These structures are often associated with glands or other functional tissues and can vary in size and shape depending on their location and function.

Types of Caruncula

There are several types of carunculae in the human body, each with distinct anatomical and physiological roles:

Caruncula Lacrimalis

The caruncula lacrimalis is a small, pink, globular nodule located at the medial canthus of the eye. It is composed of skin covering sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as accessory lacrimal tissue. The caruncula lacrimalis plays a role in the production of the tear film and helps in the drainage of tears.

Caruncula Urethralis

The caruncula urethralis is a benign, fleshy outgrowth found at the external urethral meatus, particularly in postmenopausal women. It is often asymptomatic but can sometimes cause discomfort or bleeding. The caruncula urethralis is usually treated conservatively unless symptomatic.

Caruncula Sublingualis

The caruncula sublingualis is located on the floor of the mouth, near the base of the tongue. It is the site where the ducts of the submandibular and sublingual glands open, facilitating the secretion of saliva into the oral cavity.

Clinical Significance

Carunculae can sometimes be sites of pathological changes, such as inflammation, infection, or neoplastic growths. For instance, the caruncula urethralis can become inflamed or hypertrophied, leading to symptoms that may require medical intervention.

Also see

• Lacrimal apparatus
• Urethra
• Salivary glands
• Accessory glands