Catostomidae

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Northern hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans

Robust Redhorse Sucker Moxostoma robustum

Smallmouth buffalo

Amyzon aggregatum SRIC SR 87-33-04 img1

Catostomidae, commonly known as the sucker family, is a diverse group of freshwater fish belonging to the order Cypriniformes. This family is predominantly found in North America, but species can also be found in China and Russia. Catostomidae are characterized by their elongated bodies, large mouths positioned ventrally (underneath the head), and lips that are often fleshy and protrusible, aiding in their bottom-feeding habits. These adaptations allow them to feed effectively on algae, detritus, small invertebrates, and organic matter found on river and lake beds.

Description and Biology

Members of the Catostomidae family vary greatly in size, from small species measuring just a few inches to larger ones exceeding two feet in length. Their bodies are typically cylindrical, with scales that can range from small to large. The dorsal and anal fins are usually long, aiding in stabilization during swimming.

Reproduction in Catostomidae involves external fertilization. Spawning occurs in the spring or early summer when water temperatures rise. Females lay eggs in shallow waters, often on gravel or sandy substrates, where males then fertilize them. The parental care is absent; once eggs are laid and fertilized, adult suckers do not guard them.

Ecology

Catostomidae species are found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds. They are adaptable fish that can thrive in different environmental conditions, from clear, fast-flowing streams to turbid, stagnant waters. As benthic feeders, they play a crucial role in the aquatic ecosystem, helping to control algae growth and recycle nutrients.

Conservation

While many species within the Catostomidae family are considered to be of least concern, some are threatened or endangered due to habitat destruction, pollution, and overfishing. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these species and their habitats, ensuring the health and diversity of freshwater ecosystems.

Classification

The family Catostomidae is divided into several genera, including but not limited to:

• Catostomus – including the common sucker and the longnose sucker
• Hypentelium – including the northern hogsucker
• Moxostoma – including various species known as redhorses

In Culture

In some regions, Catostomidae species are valued as food fish and are caught both commercially and recreationally. They are also used in traditional medicines in some cultures. However, in other areas, they are often overlooked as a game fish due to their bottom-feeding habits and the perception of being less desirable than other sport fish.

See Also

• Cypriniformes
• Freshwater fish of North America
• Aquatic ecosystems

Catostomidae Resources
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