Cavalry

Edouard Detaille - Vive L'Empereur - Google Art Project

Assyriancavalry

ParthianHorseman

Amphora Louvre F12

Köln Reitergrabmal

Cavalry refers to the branch of an armed forces historically designated for combat on horseback. Cavalry units have played a crucial role in warfare throughout much of human history. With the advent of modern technology, the traditional role of cavalry has evolved, and the term now often encompasses units that are armored or airmobile.

History

The use of cavalry dates back to the ancient era, where it played a pivotal role in the armies of nomadic tribes in Central Asia. The Mongol Empire, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, is one of the most notable examples of cavalry's effectiveness in warfare. In the Middle Ages, European knights, heavily armored and mounted on horseback, became the dominant force on the battlefield.

As gunpowder weapons became more prevalent, the role of the cavalry began to change. The introduction of firearms and cannons reduced the effectiveness of heavy cavalry charges. However, cavalry units adapted by becoming more mobile and versatile, taking on roles such as scouting and rapid flanking maneuvers.

With the onset of the 20th century and the advent of mechanized warfare, the traditional horse cavalry was largely phased out in favor of armored units. These modern "cavalry" units, equipped with tanks and other armored vehicles, continued to fulfill the roles of reconnaissance and exploitation of enemy weaknesses.

Types of Cavalry

Cavalry can be broadly categorized into two types: heavy and light.

• Heavy Cavalry: Traditionally, heavy cavalry was equipped with armor and heavy weapons. Their primary role was to break enemy lines with powerful charges.
• Light Cavalry: Light cavalry units were more lightly armed and armored, focusing on speed and maneuverability. They were often used for reconnaissance, raiding, and skirmishing.

Tactics

Cavalry tactics have evolved over the centuries but generally focus on the principles of mobility, shock action, and the psychological impact of a swift, direct charge. In ancient and medieval times, cavalry charges were used to break enemy formations, while in later periods, cavalry units were more often used for flanking maneuvers and pursuing fleeing enemies.

Modern Cavalry

In the modern era, the concept of cavalry has been transformed by the introduction of armored vehicles and aircraft. Armored cavalry regiments equipped with tanks and armored personnel carriers now perform many of the traditional cavalry roles on the battlefield. Similarly, airmobile units, transported by helicopter, can be considered the modern equivalent of light cavalry, capable of rapid deployment and surprise attacks behind enemy lines.

Cavalry in Popular Culture

Cavalry units and their exploits have been romanticized in literature and film, often depicted as the epitome of bravery and martial prowess. The charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War and the exploits of the Polish Winged Hussars are just two examples that have captured the public imagination.

Conclusion

While the days of horse-mounted cavalry are largely in the past, the spirit and tactical roles of the cavalry live on in modern armed forces. The evolution of cavalry from horseback to mechanized units reflects the broader changes in warfare and military technology over the centuries.