Cavernous nerves of penis

Cavernous nerves of penis

The cavernous nerves of penis are a pair of nerves that play a crucial role in penile erection. They are branches of the prostatic plexus and are primarily responsible for transmitting parasympathetic input to the penis, which results in the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the corpora cavernosa and subsequent engorgement with blood.

Anatomy

The cavernous nerves are located bilaterally in the male pelvis, running along the prostate and entering the corpora cavernosa to control blood flow. They are often described as lying on the posterolateral aspects of the prostate. The nerves are susceptible to injury during procedures such as a radical prostatectomy, which can lead to erectile dysfunction.

Function

The cavernous nerves carry parasympathetic fibers that trigger the release of nitric oxide in the penis. This nitric oxide causes the relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpora cavernosa, allowing blood to flow in and cause an erection. The nerves also carry sensory fibers that are involved in the sensation of orgasm.

Clinical significance

Damage to the cavernous nerves during surgical procedures like radical prostatectomy is a common cause of erectile dysfunction. This is because the nerves are located very close to the prostate and can easily be harmed during surgery. Various techniques, such as nerve-sparing surgery, are used to try and preserve these nerves during prostate surgery.

See also

• Erection
• Erectile dysfunction
• Prostatectomy
• Prostatic plexus