Centaurium erythraea

Centaurium erythraea

Centaurium erythraea, commonly known as the common centaury, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Gentianaceae. It is native to dry meadows and open woodland throughout Europe and parts of Asia and North Africa. This biennial or perennial herbaceous plant is notable for its use in traditional medicine and its vibrant pink flowers, which bloom between June and September.

Description

Centaurium erythraea typically grows to a height of 10 to 50 cm. It has a rosette of basal leaves from which emerges a square, erect stem. The leaves are opposite, lanceolate to ovate, and up to 5 cm long. The plant's flowers are star-shaped, bright pink, and borne in cymes. Each flower has five petals, five sepals, and five stamens. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous tiny seeds.

Habitat and Distribution

Centaurium erythraea prefers well-drained, sandy or loamy soils and thrives in full sunlight. It is found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, meadows, edges of forests, and even disturbed sites. Its distribution covers much of Europe, extending into the Caucasus, western Asia, and North Africa.

Uses

Traditionally, Centaurium erythraea has been used in herbal medicine for its bitter properties, which are thought to stimulate digestion and act as a tonic. The aerial parts of the plant are harvested during the flowering period and used to prepare teas, tinctures, and extracts. These preparations are believed to have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antiseptic properties. However, scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited.

Conservation Status

While Centaurium erythraea is widespread and not currently considered endangered, its populations are subject to local pressures from habitat destruction, overharvesting, and land-use changes. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat preservation and sustainable harvesting practices to ensure the species remains abundant in its natural range.

Cultural Significance

In folklore, Centaurium erythraea is associated with strength and healing, likely due to its medicinal uses. The genus name Centaurium is derived from the Centaurs of Greek mythology, who were known for their knowledge of medicinal plants.

See Also

• Gentianaceae
• Medicinal plants
• Flora of Europe