Cervid alphaherpesvirus 3
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Cervid alphaherpesvirus 3 (CvHV-3) is a species of virus in the genus Varicellovirus, which is part of the family Herpesviridae. This virus primarily infects members of the family Cervidae, which includes deer, elk, and related species. CvHV-3 is one of several herpesviruses that can infect cervids, and it is closely related to other alphaherpesviruses.
Virology[edit | edit source]
CvHV-3 is a double-stranded DNA virus, characteristic of the Herpesviridae family. The virus has a typical herpesvirus structure, with an icosahedral capsid surrounded by a lipid envelope. The genome of CvHV-3 is linear and encodes a variety of proteins necessary for viral replication and immune evasion.
Transmission[edit | edit source]
The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact between infected and susceptible animals. It can also be spread via fomites and possibly through aerosolized droplets, although the latter is less common. Infected animals can shed the virus in bodily secretions such as saliva, nasal discharge, and genital secretions.
Pathogenesis[edit | edit source]
CvHV-3 can cause a range of clinical signs in infected cervids, from subclinical infections to more severe disease. Symptoms may include respiratory distress, conjunctivitis, and lesions in the oral cavity. In some cases, the virus can cause systemic infections leading to more severe outcomes, especially in young or immunocompromised animals.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of CvHV-3 infection can be achieved through a combination of clinical signs, serological tests, and molecular techniques such as PCR. Isolation of the virus from clinical samples can also be performed, although this is less commonly used due to the technical requirements.
Prevention and Control[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures include biosecurity practices to limit contact between infected and susceptible animals. Vaccination strategies are under development, but as of now, there is no widely available vaccine for CvHV-3. Management practices that reduce stress and improve overall herd health can also help mitigate the impact of the virus.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
