Chlamydophila abortus

Chlamydophila abortus

Chlamydophila abortus is a species of bacteria that is known to cause abortion in mammals, particularly in sheep and goats. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only survive and multiply within the cells of a host organism. This bacterium is of significant concern in veterinary medicine due to its impact on livestock and potential zoonotic transmission to humans.

Taxonomy and Classification

Chlamydophila abortus belongs to the family Chlamydiaceae, which includes other notable species such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. The genus Chlamydophila was previously included in the genus Chlamydia, but was reclassified based on genetic and phenotypic differences.

Pathogenesis

Chlamydophila abortus primarily infects the placenta of pregnant animals, leading to placentitis and subsequent abortion. The bacterium enters the host through mucosal surfaces and is transported to the placenta via the bloodstream. Once in the placenta, it multiplies within trophoblast cells, causing inflammation and necrosis.

Clinical Signs

Infected animals may show no signs of illness until abortion occurs, typically in the last trimester of pregnancy. Other signs can include stillbirths, weak offspring, and retained placentas. In some cases, infected animals may exhibit mild respiratory symptoms or conjunctivitis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Chlamydophila abortus infection is based on clinical signs, history of abortion in the herd, and laboratory testing. Laboratory tests include:

• PCR to detect bacterial DNA
• Serological tests to identify antibodies
• Isolation of the organism from placental tissues

Treatment and Control

There is no specific treatment for Chlamydophila abortus infection, but antibiotics such as tetracyclines can reduce the severity of outbreaks. Control measures include:

• Vaccination of susceptible animals
• Implementing biosecurity measures to prevent introduction and spread
• Culling of infected animals in severe cases

Zoonotic Potential

Chlamydophila abortus can be transmitted to humans, particularly pregnant women, leading to serious complications such as miscarriage. It is important for individuals handling potentially infected animals or tissues to use protective measures to prevent infection.

Also see

• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Chlamydophila pneumoniae
• Zoonosis
• Veterinary medicine