Chorionic vessels

Chorionic vessels are an essential part of the placenta and the umbilical cord, playing a crucial role in the exchange of nutrients and waste between the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. They are composed of two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein, which are surrounded by a gelatinous substance known as Wharton's jelly.

Structure[edit | edit source]

The chorionic vessels originate from the chorion, one of the membranes that surround the embryo in mammals. The chorion and the amnion together form the amniotic sac. The chorionic vessels consist of two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus to the placenta, while the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the chorionic vessels is to facilitate the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and the fetus. The umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus to the placenta. Here, waste products are transferred to the mother's bloodstream for elimination, and oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood are transferred to the umbilical vein, which carries them to the fetus.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Abnormalities in the chorionic vessels can lead to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. For example, a single umbilical artery (instead of the usual two) can be associated with congenital anomalies. Additionally, vasa previa is a condition where the fetal vessels cross the entrance to the birth canal beneath the baby, which can cause the vessels to rupture during delivery.