Cicisbeo

A cicisbeo was a historical term used primarily in Italy during the 18th century to describe a man who was the professed gallant and lover of a married woman. This social role was part of the complex social customs of the time, particularly among the aristocracy and upper classes.

Historical Context

The practice of having a cicisbeo was most prevalent in Italy, especially in cities like Venice, Florence, and Rome. It was a socially accepted arrangement, often with the tacit approval of the woman's husband. The cicisbeo would accompany the lady to social events, provide companionship, and sometimes engage in a romantic or sexual relationship.

Role and Duties

The cicisbeo was expected to be attentive, charming, and discreet. His duties included escorting the lady to public events, such as the opera or balls, and providing her with companionship during the day. The relationship was often more about social status and companionship than romance.

Cultural Significance

The role of the cicisbeo reflected the social and cultural norms of the time, where marriages among the nobility were often arranged for political or economic reasons rather than love. The cicisbeo provided an outlet for emotional and romantic fulfillment outside the confines of marriage.

Comparison with Other Cultures

Similar practices existed in other cultures, such as the French "chevalier servant" or the Spanish "cortejo". However, the cicisbeo was unique in its formalized nature and social acceptance in Italian society.

Decline of the Practice

The practice of having a cicisbeo began to decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as social norms changed and the concept of romantic love within marriage became more prevalent. The rise of the bourgeoisie and changes in social structures also contributed to the decline of this custom.

Modern Interpretations

Today, the term cicisbeo is largely historical, but it is sometimes used in literature and popular culture to evoke the romantic and social dynamics of 18th-century Italy. It serves as a reminder of the complex social customs of the past and the ways in which they have evolved over time.

See Also

• Chevalier servant
• Cortejo
• Marriage of convenience
• Romantic love