Cisterns in Istanbul

Cisterns in Istanbul are a significant aspect of the city's historical and architectural heritage. Istanbul, known historically as Byzantium and later Constantinople, has been a crucial crossroad of civilizations, and its water storage systems, particularly the cisterns, are a testament to its advanced urban planning and engineering skills over the centuries.

History

The history of Istanbul's cisterns dates back to the Roman and Byzantine periods when the city was a thriving metropolis of the ancient world. The need for a reliable water supply led to the construction of numerous large-scale cisterns, which were used to collect and store rainwater and water brought from nearby forests and springs through aqueducts. These cisterns played a crucial role in the city's water management system, ensuring a continuous supply during sieges and droughts.

Major Cisterns

Among the many cisterns in Istanbul, the Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarnıcı) is the most famous. Located in the historical peninsula of Istanbul, near the Hagia Sophia, it was built in the 6th century during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. The cistern is known for its architectural beauty, including its forest of 336 marble columns and the Medusa head bases.

Another significant cistern is the Binbirdirek Cistern (Binbirdirek Sarnıcı), which predates the Basilica Cistern. It is the second-largest cistern in Istanbul and was used for similar purposes.

The Theodosius Cistern (Şerefiye Sarnıcı) is another notable example, showcasing the Byzantine Empire's engineering prowess. It was constructed during the reign of Emperor Theodosius II and has recently been restored and opened to the public.

Architecture and Engineering

The architecture and engineering of Istanbul's cisterns are remarkable. They were constructed using various materials, including brick, stone, and mortar, and were often built beneath public buildings or spaces to maximize the collection of rainwater. The interiors of these cisterns are supported by columns and arches, demonstrating the advanced architectural techniques of the time. The water was kept clean through the use of filtration systems and was distributed through pipes and conduits.

Cultural Significance

The cisterns of Istanbul are not only engineering marvels but also hold significant cultural and historical value. They have inspired legends, been featured in literature, and used as settings in films. The Basilica Cistern, for example, has been a popular location for cultural events and concerts due to its unique acoustics and atmosphere.

Preservation

Today, the preservation of Istanbul's cisterns is of great importance. While some have been restored and opened to the public, others are in need of conservation. Efforts are being made by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to protect these historical structures for future generations.

See Also

• Water supply and sanitation in Istanbul
• Byzantine architecture
• Roman engineering