Cittern

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MuseuMusicaBCN 8845

Cittern is a stringed instrument dating back to the Renaissance period, belonging to the family of instruments known as the lute family. It has a flat back and a neck with a shallow angle, not unlike the modern guitar. The cittern is distinguished by its metal strings, which contribute to its bright, ringing tone. Historically, it was popular across Europe and played a significant role in both folk and court music.

History

The origins of the cittern can be traced back to the early 16th century, where it emerged as a prominent instrument among both common folk and nobility. It was particularly favored for its robust sound, which made it suitable for outdoor performances, and its relatively simple playing technique. The cittern underwent several modifications over the centuries, with variations in the number of strings and tuning methods. By the 18th century, however, its popularity began to wane, overshadowed by the rise of the classical guitar.

Design and Construction

The cittern typically features a body made of wood, with a rounded back and a flat top. The number of strings can vary, but most traditional citterns have between 8 to 10 strings, arranged in courses of two. These strings are made of metal, which is a key factor in the instrument's distinctive sound. The neck of the cittern is fretted, allowing for a wide range of notes and chords to be played. The tuning of the cittern has varied over time and by region, but a common modern tuning is in fifths, similar to that of the mandolin.

Playing Technique

The playing technique for the cittern involves strumming or plucking the strings with a plectrum or fingers. Its repertoire spans a variety of musical styles, from Renaissance dances to folk melodies. The instrument's bright, penetrating sound makes it particularly effective for melody lines, though it is also capable of producing rich chords and accompaniments.

Revival

In the late 20th century, there was a resurgence of interest in the cittern, particularly within the folk music communities of Europe and North America. This revival was part of a broader movement to rediscover and celebrate historical musical instruments. Modern luthiers began crafting new citterns, often blending traditional designs with contemporary innovations. Today, the cittern enjoys popularity among folk musicians and enthusiasts of early music, celebrated for its unique sound and historical significance.

See Also

• Lute
• Mandolin
• Guitar
• Renaissance music
• Folk music