Cl-

Chloride
Chloride ion.svg
Structure of the chloride ion
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ChEBI
ChEMBL
Properties
Chemical Formula
Molar Mass	35.453 g/mol
Appearance
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GHS Pictograms	[[File:|50px]]
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NFPA 704	[[File:|50px]]
References

Overview

Chloride, represented by the chemical symbol Cl⁻, is the anion (negatively charged ion) of chlorine. It is a crucial electrolyte found in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses, and regulating fluid in and out of cells.

Biological Role

Chloride is essential for maintaining the osmotic pressure and acid-base balance in the body. It is a major component of the extracellular fluid and works closely with sodium to maintain proper fluid balance.

Electrolyte Balance

Chloride ions are vital for maintaining the electrolyte balance in the body. They help to regulate the movement of fluids and electrolytes across cell membranes, which is crucial for normal cellular function.

Acid-Base Homeostasis

Chloride plays a significant role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance. It is involved in the formation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach, which is necessary for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Nerve Function

Chloride ions are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses. They help to maintain the resting membrane potential and are involved in the generation of action potentials in neurons.

Physiological Sources

Chloride is primarily obtained from dietary sources. It is found in table salt (sodium chloride), seaweed, rye, tomatoes, lettuce, celery, and olives. Processed foods also contain significant amounts of chloride.

Clinical Significance

Hypochloremia

Hypochloremia refers to an abnormally low level of chloride in the blood. It can result from conditions such as prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, or sweating, and can lead to metabolic alkalosis.

Hyperchloremia

Hyperchloremia is the condition of having an excessive amount of chloride in the blood. It can occur due to dehydration, kidney disease, or excessive intake of chloride-rich foods or medications.

Laboratory Measurement

Chloride levels are typically measured in the blood as part of an electrolyte panel. Normal serum chloride levels range from 96 to 106 mEq/L.

Pathophysiology

Chloride imbalances can lead to various health issues. For instance, an imbalance in chloride levels can affect the body's pH, leading to acidosis or alkalosis, which can have serious health implications.

Treatment of Imbalances

Treatment of chloride imbalances involves addressing the underlying cause. For hypochloremia, treatment may include chloride supplements or dietary adjustments. For hyperchloremia, treatment may involve hydration and addressing any underlying kidney issues.

Conclusion

Chloride is a vital electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, acid-base homeostasis, and nerve function. Understanding its role and maintaining its balance is essential for overall health.

See Also

• Electrolyte
• Acid-base balance
• Sodium
• Potassium