Clos (vineyard)

Clos de Vougeot 01

Clos (vineyard) is a term used in the wine industry, particularly in the Burgundy region of France, to denote a walled vineyard. The concept of a clos vineyard is significant in the history and culture of French winemaking, where such enclosures have been used for centuries to protect the vines from theft and animals, and to create specific microclimates that can enhance the quality of the grapes.

History

The tradition of walling vineyards in Burgundy dates back to the Middle Ages, when monasteries and nobility owned much of the land and produced wine both for consumption and as a source of revenue. The walls served practical purposes, such as protection and delineation of property, but also came to symbolize the quality and prestige of the wine produced within. Over time, the term "clos" became associated with high-quality vineyards and wines.

Geography

Clos vineyards are found throughout Burgundy, from the Côte de Nuits to the Côte de Beaune, and include some of the most famous and revered names in the wine world, such as Clos de Vougeot, Clos de Tart, and Clos Saint-Denis. These vineyards vary in size but are typically small, reflecting the fragmented nature of Burgundy's vineyard ownership.

Viticulture

The microclimate created by the walls of a clos can significantly affect the ripening of grapes. The walls provide shelter from wind, retain heat, and ensure a more consistent temperature, which can contribute to the grapes' quality. The specific conditions of each clos, including soil composition, exposure, and microclimate, play a crucial role in the character of the wine produced.

Wine Production

Wines from clos vineyards are often among the most sought-after and expensive in Burgundy. They are typically produced in limited quantities due to the small size of the vineyards. The designation of a vineyard as a clos can add to the prestige and market value of its wines.

Regulation

In Burgundy, the use of the term "clos" is regulated, and only vineyards historically enclosed by walls can use the designation. This regulation helps preserve the tradition and ensures that wines labeled as coming from a clos vineyard meet specific criteria.

Cultural Significance

The concept of the clos vineyard is deeply ingrained in the culture and history of Burgundy. These vineyards are not only important for their contribution to the quality of Burgundy wines but also as symbols of the region's winemaking heritage.