Coccygeal vertebrae

Coccygeal vertebrae are the bones that make up the coccyx, also known as the tailbone. This structure is located at the base of the vertebral column and is composed of three to five fused vertebrae, known as the coccygeal vertebrae.

Anatomy

The coccygeal vertebrae are the smallest and most inferiorly located bones in the vertebral column. They are triangular in shape and curved, with the apex pointing downwards and forwards. The number of coccygeal vertebrae can vary between individuals, with most people having between three and five.

The first coccygeal vertebra is the largest and has a prominent spinous process. The remaining vertebrae are progressively smaller and have fewer distinguishing features. The last one or two vertebrae are often rudimentary.

Function

The primary function of the coccygeal vertebrae is to support and stabilize the pelvis. They also serve as an attachment point for various muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These include the gluteus maximus, the largest muscle in the body, and the anococcygeal ligament, which supports the pelvic organs.

Clinical significance

Injury to the coccygeal vertebrae can result in coccydynia, a condition characterized by pain and discomfort in the tailbone area. This can occur as a result of trauma, such as a fall, or from prolonged sitting on a hard surface. Treatment options for coccydynia include pain management, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgical removal of the coccyx (coccygectomy).

See also

• Vertebral column
• Coccyx
• Coccydynia