Coil spring

Springs 016

Volute spring1

Bogenfedern und Bogenfedersysteme

Head D15A3

Coil spring, also known as a helical spring, is a mechanical device which is typically used to store energy and subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces. They are made of an elastic material formed into the shape of a helix which returns to its natural length when unloaded.

Types of Coil Springs

Coil springs can be classified into several types based on their shape, use, and how they absorb energy. The most common types include:

• Compression Springs: Designed to operate with a compressive load and found in applications such as the suspension in automobiles and valve mechanisms in internal combustion engines.
• Extension Springs: These are designed to operate with a tension load, so they become longer under load. Their applications include automotive interiors and exteriors, garage door assemblies, and vise-grip pliers.
• Torsion Springs: Torsion springs exert a torque or rotary force and are used in clothespins, clipboards, swing-down tailgates, and garage doors.

Material

The material used for coil springs is usually steel, including stainless steel, high-carbon steel, and alloy steel such as chrome silicon or chrome vanadium. Non-ferrous metals like bronze and titanium are also used for specific applications requiring resistance to corrosion or lower weight.

Manufacturing

The manufacturing of coil springs involves winding the material around a mandrel to a specified diameter and pitch. This process can be done cold for smaller springs, or hot for larger ones. After winding, the springs are typically hardened by heat treatment to improve their strength and elasticity.

Applications

Coil springs have a wide range of applications across various industries. In the automotive industry, they are used in the suspension system to absorb the shock of bumps and potholes and in the engine's valve system. In manufacturing and machinery, they are used in presses, as components in machinery, and in electronic devices.

Maintenance and Failure

Regular inspection and maintenance of coil springs are crucial for safety, especially in automotive applications. Springs can fail due to fatigue, corrosion, or excessive load. Symptoms of a failing coil spring include uneven tire wear, noise while driving, and decreased handling performance.

Conclusion

Coil springs are a critical component in many mechanical systems, providing flexibility, shock absorption, and force maintenance capabilities. Their design, material selection, and manufacturing process are tailored to meet the specific requirements of their application, ensuring reliability and efficiency.