Collage

Collage is an artistic technique and genre that involves assembling different forms, materials, and objects to create a new whole. The term "collage" is derived from the French word "coller," meaning "to glue." This technique became a distinctive part of modern art in the early 20th century, particularly through the works of artists such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Hannah Höch.

History

The origins of collage can be traced back to the invention of paper in China around 200 BC. However, it was not until the 20th century that collage became a formal art technique. Cubism, pioneered by Picasso and Braque, was instrumental in the development of collage as an art form. They began incorporating newspaper clippings, fabric, and other materials into their paintings, challenging traditional notions of art.

Dada and Surrealism

Collage was also a significant technique in the Dada movement, which emerged as a reaction to the horrors of World War I. Artists like Hannah Höch and Kurt Schwitters used collage to create provocative and politically charged works. Höch's Cut with the Kitchen Knife (1919) is a notable example, using cut-out photographs and text to critique Weimar Germany.

Cut with the Kitchen Knife by Hannah Höch

In the Surrealist movement, collage was used to explore the unconscious mind and dream imagery. Artists like Max Ernst employed collage to create fantastical and dream-like compositions.

Techniques

Collage involves various techniques, including:

• Cutting and Pasting: The most basic form, involving cutting images or text from magazines, newspapers, or other sources and pasting them onto a surface.
• Assemblage: A form of collage that involves three-dimensional elements, creating a sculptural effect.
• Photomontage: A type of collage that uses photographs to create a new image, often used in political and social commentary.

Notable Artists

• Pablo Picasso
• Georges Braque
• Hannah Höch
• Kurt Schwitters
• Henri Matisse

Ohne Titel (Das Schachbild) by Kurt Schwitters

Influence and Legacy

Collage has had a profound impact on modern and contemporary art. It challenged traditional boundaries between different art forms and media, paving the way for mixed media and installation art. The technique continues to be used by artists today, both in traditional forms and in digital media.

Blue Nudes by Henri Matisse

Also see

• Cubism
• Dada
• Surrealism
• Mixed media
• Photomontage