Collateral artery

Collateral Artery

Diagram of the collateral arteries of the human body, from Gray's Anatomy.

The collateral artery is a type of blood vessel that provides an alternate route for blood flow in the event of a blockage in a main artery. This is a crucial aspect of the body's circulatory system, as it ensures that tissues and organs continue to receive oxygen and nutrients even when a primary artery is obstructed.

Structure

Collateral arteries are small, normally closed arteries that connect two larger arteries. They are typically not involved in regular blood flow, but can open and expand when necessary to bypass a blockage. This process is known as collateral circulation.

Function

The primary function of collateral arteries is to maintain blood flow to tissues and organs when a main artery is blocked. This can occur in response to a variety of conditions, including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and embolism. Collateral circulation can also be important during exercise, when increased blood flow is required.

Clinical significance

The presence and functionality of collateral arteries can significantly impact the outcome of conditions such as coronary artery disease and stroke. In some cases, collateral circulation can prevent tissue death and reduce the severity of these conditions. However, the extent and effectiveness of collateral circulation can vary greatly between individuals.

See also

• Artery
• Blood vessel
• Circulatory system
• Coronary artery disease
• Stroke