Columbidae

Pigeon kid

Rock dove - natures pics

Rock Pigeon Courting 02

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A pigeon on roof top

Columbidae is a family of birds known as pigeons and doves. The terms "pigeon" and "dove" are often used interchangeably, but there is a tendency for "dove" to be used for smaller species and "pigeon" for larger ones. The family contains about 344 species divided into 50 genera. Columbidae covers a wide range of habitats across the globe, from forests and deserts to urban areas.

Description

Members of the Columbidae family are characterized by their stout bodies, short necks, and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. They range in size from the tiny New World Dwarf Doves (Geotrygon) to the large Crowned Pigeons of New Guinea (Goura). The plumage of these birds is often colorful, varying significantly from species to species. The skin of the crop of some species can produce a nutritious milk-like substance to feed their young.

Behavior

Columbidae are known for their strong flying abilities and, in some species, remarkable homing instincts, making them important as carrier pigeons in history. They feed on seeds, fruits, and plants. Notably, they are one of the few bird families that can drink water by sucking it up directly without needing to tilt their heads back.

Reproduction

Doves and pigeons are monogamous, with a very strong bond between the pair. They are known for their unique courtship behaviors, which include distinct cooing sounds. Nests are typically constructed with sticks and located in trees, ledges, or on the ground, depending on the species. Most species lay two eggs, and both parents share in the care of the young, which are altricial at birth.

Distribution and Habitat

The Columbidae family has a worldwide distribution, absent only from the coldest regions and some remote islands. They have adapted to a wide range of habitats, including tropical rainforests, deserts, and urban environments. The adaptability of some species, like the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia), has allowed them to become common in cities around the world.

Conservation

While many species of pigeons and doves are common and widespread, some are threatened or endangered due to habitat loss, hunting, and predation. Conservation efforts are in place for several species, such as the Mauritius Pink Pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri), which has been brought back from the brink of extinction.

Cultural Significance

Throughout history, pigeons and doves have been symbols of love, peace, and fidelity, featured prominently in art, literature, and religion. They have also been used for communication, food, and sport.