Commodore 64

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Commodore 64

File:Commodore 64 logo.svg
Manufacturer	Commodore International
Type	Home computer
Generation	8-bit
Release date	August  1982 (1982-08)
Discontinued	April 1994
Units sold	12.5–17 million
Media	Cassette tape, 5¼" floppy disk, Cartridge
Operating system	KERNAL, BASIC 2.0
CPU	6510 @ 1.023 MHz (NTSC), 0.985 MHz (PAL)
Memory	64 KB RAM, 20 KB ROM
Display	320×200, 16 colors
Graphics	VIC-II
Sound	SID 6581/8580
Connectivity	RF modulator, Composite, S-Video, User port, Serial port, Datasette port, Cartridge port
Predecessor	Commodore VIC-20
Successor	Commodore 128

The Commodore 64 (C64) is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International. It is known for its distinctive design, advanced graphics, and sound capabilities for its time. The C64 is one of the best-selling single personal computer models of all time, with estimates ranging from 12.5 to 17 million units sold.

History

The Commodore 64 was developed by Commodore's MOS Technology division, with the aim of creating a powerful yet affordable home computer. It was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in January 1982 and released to the market in August of the same year. The C64 was designed to compete with other popular home computers of the era, such as the Apple II, Atari 8-bit, and ZX Spectrum.

Hardware

The C64 features a 6510 microprocessor, a variant of the 6502 with an integrated 8-bit I/O port. It includes 64 KB of RAM and 20 KB of ROM, which contains the KERNAL operating system and BASIC 2.0 programming language.

Graphics and Sound

The C64's graphics are powered by the VIC-II chip, which supports a resolution of 320×200 pixels and 16 colors. The sound is generated by the SID (Sound Interface Device) chip, known for its advanced sound synthesis capabilities, including three separate channels and various waveforms.

Connectivity

The C64 offers multiple connectivity options, including an RF modulator for connecting to a television, composite and S-Video outputs for higher quality video, and several ports for peripherals such as the Datasette tape drive, 5¼" floppy disk drive, and various input devices.

Software

The C64's software library includes a wide range of applications, from productivity software to games. Notable software includes the GEOS graphical operating system, various programming languages, and a vast array of games that took advantage of the C64's advanced graphics and sound capabilities.

Legacy

The Commodore 64 has left a lasting legacy in the world of computing. It is remembered fondly by enthusiasts and has a vibrant community of collectors and retro computing fans. The C64's influence can be seen in the development of later home computers and its impact on the video game industry.

Related Pages

• Commodore International
• Commodore VIC-20
• Commodore 128
• MOS Technology 6502
• GEOS (8-bit operating system)
• Datasette
• SID chip
• VIC-II