Common fig

Common Fig

The common fig (Ficus carica) is a species of flowering plant in the mulberry family (Moraceae), known for its edible fruit. Native to the Middle East and western Asia, it has been cultivated since ancient times and is now widely grown throughout the world, both for its fruit and as an ornamental plant.

Description

The common fig is a deciduous tree or large shrub, growing to a height of 7–10 meters (23–33 ft), with smooth white bark. Its large leaves are deeply lobed and can be up to 25 cm (10 in) long. The plant is monoecious, meaning it has both male and female flowers on the same plant.

Fruit

The fruit of the fig is a type of multiple fruit known as a syconium, which is a hollow structure with many small flowers on the inside. The fruit is pear-shaped and can be green, purple, or brown when ripe. Figs are unique in that they require a specific type of wasp, the fig wasp, for pollination.

Cultivation

Figs are grown in warm climates and are tolerant of seasonal drought. They prefer well-drained soils and full sun exposure. The trees are propagated by cuttings or by layering. Figs can be grown in containers in cooler climates and brought indoors during the winter.

Harvesting

Figs are typically harvested in late summer to early fall. The fruit is delicate and perishable, so it is often dried or processed into jams and preserves.

Uses

Figs are consumed fresh or dried and are used in a variety of culinary dishes. They are rich in dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. In addition to their nutritional value, figs have been used in traditional medicine for their purported health benefits.

History

The fig is one of the first plants cultivated by humans. Archaeological evidence suggests that figs were grown in the Jordan Valley over 11,000 years ago. They are mentioned in many ancient texts, including the Bible and the Quran.

Also see

• Ficus (genus)
• Mulberry family
• Fig wasp
• Dried fruit
• Traditional medicine