Comprehension
Comprehension is the mental process of making sense of or understanding something. It is a key aspect of cognition and involves several mental processes, including attention, perception, memory, and reasoning.
Definition[edit | edit source]
Comprehension is defined as the ability to understand the nature or meaning of something. This can refer to understanding written or spoken language, understanding concepts or ideas, or understanding a process or event.
Types of Comprehension[edit | edit source]
There are several types of comprehension, including:
- Reading Comprehension: This refers to the ability to understand and interpret written text. It involves several sub-skills, such as word recognition, vocabulary knowledge, and syntactic processing.
- Listening Comprehension: This refers to the ability to understand and interpret spoken language. It involves skills such as auditory processing, phonological awareness, and working memory.
- Conceptual Comprehension: This refers to the ability to understand and interpret concepts or ideas. It involves skills such as abstract thinking, problem-solving, and critical thinking.
Factors Affecting Comprehension[edit | edit source]
Several factors can affect comprehension, including:
- Cognitive Abilities: Individuals with higher cognitive abilities, such as intelligence and working memory capacity, tend to have better comprehension skills.
- Knowledge: Prior knowledge about a topic can enhance comprehension. This is because it provides a framework for understanding new information.
- Motivation: Individuals who are motivated to understand a topic are more likely to engage in the mental effort required for comprehension.
- Attention: Comprehension requires sustained attention. Distractions or attention deficits can impair comprehension.
Improving Comprehension[edit | edit source]
There are several strategies that can be used to improve comprehension, including:
- Active Reading or Active Listening: This involves actively engaging with the material, such as by taking notes, summarizing information, or asking questions.
- Metacognitive Strategies: These involve thinking about one's own thinking. For example, monitoring one's understanding, using self-questioning, or using visualization techniques.
- Instructional Strategies: Teachers can use various strategies to enhance students' comprehension, such as explicit instruction in comprehension strategies, providing structured overviews of material, or using graphic organizers.
See Also[edit | edit source]
- Cognition
- Reading Comprehension
- Listening Comprehension
- Conceptual Comprehension
- Cognitive Abilities
- Knowledge
- Motivation
- Attention
- Active Reading
- Active Listening
- Metacognitive Strategies
- Instructional Strategies
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD