Compression stocking

Compression Stocking

Compression stockings are specialized hosiery designed to help prevent the occurrence of, and guard against further progression of, venous disorders such as edema, phlebitis, and thrombosis. These stockings are elastic garments worn around the leg, compressing the limb. This reduces the diameter of distended veins and increases venous blood flow velocity and valve effectiveness.

History

The use of compression therapy dates back to ancient times, with the earliest records indicating that the Egyptians used bandages to treat leg ailments. The modern compression stocking, however, was developed in the 20th century with advancements in textile technology and medical understanding of venous diseases.

Mechanism of Action

Compression stockings apply graduated pressure to the legs, with the highest pressure at the ankles and gradually decreasing up the leg. This gradient compression helps to:

• Reduce venous pressure
• Prevent venous stasis and impairments of venous walls
• Relieve heavy and aching legs
• Improve lymphatic drainage

Types of Compression Stockings

Compression stockings are categorized based on the level of compression they provide, measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg):

• Mild Compression (8-15 mmHg): Used for minor swelling and tired legs.
• Moderate Compression (15-20 mmHg): Often used for minor varicose veins and during pregnancy.
• Firm Compression (20-30 mmHg): Used for moderate varicose veins, post-surgery, and to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
• Extra Firm Compression (30-40 mmHg): Used for severe varicose veins, severe edema, and chronic venous insufficiency.

Indications

Compression stockings are indicated for a variety of conditions, including:

• Chronic venous insufficiency
• Varicose veins
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention
• Lymphedema
• Post-surgical recovery

Contraindications

While beneficial for many, compression stockings are not suitable for everyone. Contraindications include:

• Severe peripheral arterial disease
• Skin infections
• Massive leg swelling
• Allergies to stocking materials

Proper Use and Care

To be effective, compression stockings must be worn correctly. They should be put on in the morning before swelling occurs and worn throughout the day. Proper care involves regular washing and ensuring they are replaced every 3-6 months, as the elasticity can degrade over time.

Also see

• Varicose veins
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Lymphedema
• Chronic venous insufficiency