Congress of the Union
Congress of the Union[edit | edit source]
The Congress of the Union (Spanish: Congreso de la Unión) is the bicameral legislature of the United Mexican States, commonly known as Mexico. It is composed of two chambers: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The Congress is responsible for enacting federal legislation, approving the national budget, and overseeing the executive branch.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The Congress of the Union is divided into two chambers:
- Chamber of Deputies: This lower house consists of 500 members. Deputies are elected for a three-year term, with 300 elected by plurality in single-member districts and 200 by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency.
- Senate of the Republic: The upper house is composed of 128 senators. Senators serve six-year terms, with 96 elected in three-member constituencies corresponding to the 31 states and Mexico City, and 32 elected by proportional representation.
Functions[edit | edit source]
The Congress of the Union has several key functions:
- Legislation: The Congress is responsible for drafting and passing federal laws. Both chambers must approve a bill for it to become law.
- Budget Approval: The Chamber of Deputies has the exclusive power to approve the federal budget proposed by the President.
- Oversight: The Congress exercises oversight of the executive branch, including the power to summon government officials for questioning.
- Constitutional Amendments: Both chambers must approve amendments to the Constitution of Mexico by a two-thirds majority.
Sessions[edit | edit source]
The Congress holds two regular sessions each year:
- The first session begins on September 1 and ends on December 15.
- The second session starts on February 1 and concludes on April 30.
Extraordinary sessions can be called by the President of Mexico or by the Permanent Commission.
Historical Context[edit | edit source]
The Congress of the Union was established by the Constitution of 1824, following Mexico's independence from Spain. It has undergone several transformations, particularly during the Mexican Revolution and the drafting of the Constitution of 1917, which established the current structure of the Congress.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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