Conjunctivitis with pseudomembrane

Conjunctivitis with Pseudomembrane is a severe form of conjunctivitis, characterized by the formation of pseudomembranes on the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner side of the eyelids. This condition can result from various causes, including bacterial, viral, and allergic reactions, and requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications.

Causes

Conjunctivitis with pseudomembrane is often caused by highly virulent infections. Common pathogens include:

• Adenovirus, particularly types associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a bacterial cause with severe implications
• Chlamydia trachomatis, especially serotypes D-K and L1-L3
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, severe skin reactions that can affect the eyes

Allergic reactions and chemical burns can also lead to pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, though these cases are less common.

Symptoms

Symptoms of conjunctivitis with pseudomembrane include:

• Severe redness and irritation
• Eye pain and discomfort
• Blurred vision
• Formation of pseudomembranes on the conjunctiva
• Possible photophobia or sensitivity to light

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a thorough eye examination by a healthcare professional. In some cases, laboratory tests may be necessary to identify the causative agent, especially in bacterial or viral infections.

Treatment

Treatment of conjunctivitis with pseudomembrane focuses on addressing the underlying cause:

• For bacterial infections, antibiotics in the form of eye drops or ointments are prescribed.
• Viral causes may require antiviral medications, though many viral forms are self-limiting.
• Allergic conjunctivitis is treated with anti-allergy medications, such as antihistamines or steroids.

Removal of the pseudomembranes may be necessary in severe cases, but this should only be done by a healthcare professional to avoid damaging the conjunctiva.

Prevention

Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene, avoiding contact with individuals infected with conjunctivitis, and using protective eyewear in environments with high risk of chemical exposure.

Complications

If left untreated, conjunctivitis with pseudomembrane can lead to scarring of the conjunctiva, which may result in vision problems. In severe infections, the cornea may also be affected, increasing the risk of corneal ulcers and vision loss.

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