Constitution of Nigeria

Constitution of Nigeria

Coat of arms of Nigeria

The Constitution of Nigeria is the supreme law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It provides the legal framework for the governance of Nigeria and outlines the rights and responsibilities of its citizens. The current constitution was enacted on May 29, 1999, marking the beginning of the Fourth Republic.

Historical Background

The history of constitutional development in Nigeria dates back to the colonial era. The first constitution was introduced in 1922, known as the Clifford Constitution. Over the years, several constitutions have been enacted, reflecting the political and social changes in the country.

Colonial Constitutions

The Clifford Constitution of 1922 was followed by the Richards Constitution of 1946, which aimed to promote unity among the diverse regions of Nigeria. The Macpherson Constitution of 1951 introduced a federal system of government.

Post-Independence Constitutions

After gaining independence in 1960, Nigeria adopted the Independence Constitution of 1960, followed by the Republican Constitution of 1963, which established Nigeria as a republic. The 1979 Constitution introduced a presidential system of government.

Structure of the 1999 Constitution

The 1999 Constitution is divided into several parts, including the preamble, chapters, and schedules. It establishes the framework for the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Preamble

The preamble of the constitution sets out the guiding principles and aspirations of the Nigerian people.

Chapters

The constitution is organized into chapters that cover various aspects of governance, including:

• Chapter I: General Provisions
• Chapter II: Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy
• Chapter III: Citizenship
• Chapter IV: Fundamental Rights
• Chapter V: The Legislature
• Chapter VI: The Executive
• Chapter VII: The Judiciary

Schedules

The schedules provide additional details and clarifications on various constitutional provisions.

Fundamental Rights

The coat of arms symbolizes national unity and strength.

Chapter IV of the constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all Nigerian citizens, including the right to life, freedom of expression, and freedom from discrimination.

Amendments

The process of amending the constitution is outlined in Chapter I. Amendments require approval by a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly and ratification by at least two-thirds of the State Assemblies.

Related Pages

• Politics of Nigeria
• Law of Nigeria
• Government of Nigeria
• History of Nigeria